How do you say NUCLEO (de un planeta o estrella) in English?

It is not called planet/star center or nucleus (it is NUCLEO in Spanish).
The word is CORE or PLANETARY CORE. The central part of a planet or a star is called CORE (also the central part of certain fruits such as the apple is called CORE). Though the CORE is in the center of the objects mentioned before, it is not the center of such objects. It is in that position but it does not constitute the center.
A CORE, in the case of planets and stars, is the most internal layer of several that constitute the object itself with the SURFACE being the most external. Because of their position it is believed that the material of a CORE is extremely hot, much more than the rest of the planet or star. The materials that constitute the CORE may stay in a constant state of liquefaction because of the high temperatures and the tremendous weight that have to withstand because the atmospheric attraction is much stronger there. It is believed that Earth core has two sections: an outer core that is believed to be liquid and an inner core said to be solid.

The stability of a CORE is of utmost importance for the existence of planets or stars. Any condition or unsuspected factor intervening to tip off the balance in which CORES exist would most likely cause problems of such magnitude that they could easily mean the end of the whole planet or star.  
It has been said that an inactive core is synonym of a dead planet.

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